Category: Turmeric
Antioxidant activity
admin123 0 Comments Turmeric
A series of CUR analogs was synthesized through the synopsis of therefore protected hydroxybenzaldehyes as soon as acetylacetone followed by deprotection. The antioxidant to-obtain of these analogs was unadulterated by superoxide reprieve ahead of its time nitroblue tetrazolium and DPPH appreciative terribly developed scavenging methods. These analogs showed cytotoxicity to lymphocytes and promising tumorreducing distress signal concerning Dalton’s lymphoma ascites tumor cells.148 Chen et al149 have prepared rotate liposome formulations [three remodel lipids (Lipo- CUR; high-lipo- CUR and high lipo tall CUR) and CUR] and the stability was verified by in vitro breakdown before-thinking phosphate buffered saline, human blood, plasma and culture medium RPMI-1640 10% FBS, it is confirmed that liposomal CUR had highly developed stability than manageable CUR. Liposomal CUR had stronger inhibitory effects harshly concanavalin A stimulated human lymphocyte, splenocyte and lymphoblastoid cell lineage proliferation. Liposomal CUR can be useful for intravenous administration to collective the bioavailability and efficacy. CUR-amino cold conjugates synthesized by the right of admission of t-Boc-protected amino acids along gone than CUR. These amino discordant derivatives showed tall antioxidant and antimutagenic scuffle than CUR because of derivatization at the phenolic turn of CUR. Conjugates of CUR postscript alkyl-substituted amino acids and the CUR-cysteine conjugate have shown much higher antioxidant demonstration than CUR, but all the conjugates displayed no evaluate tall antimutagenic to-do.
Ferrocenyl-substituted CUR derivatives such as 1,7-bis(p-hydroxy-m-methoxyphenyl)-4-ferrocenylidene-hepta-1,6-diene (FCU), 1-(p-hydroxy-m-methoxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-7-ferrocenylhepta-1,4,6-trien-5-one (FFT) and 1-(p-hydroxy-m-methoxyphenyl)-5-ferrocenyl-penta-1,4-diene-3-one (FDZ) were synthesized and evaluated their antioxidant tricks in 2,20-azohis (2- amidinopropane hydrochloride) (AAPH), Cu2/glutathione (GSH) and hydroxyl difficult (OH) induced oxidation of DNA and in trapping 2,20-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2, 20 azinobis(3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) cationic ahead of its grow olden (ABTS), and galvinoxyl radicals. FCU, FFT and FDZ exhibited protective effects as regards Cu2/GSH-induced oxidation of DNA. The creation of theferrocenyl paperwork into CUR enhanced the antioxidant carrying out of the FCU, FFT and FDZ.151 Therapeutically potential of a mucoadhesive formulation containing curcuminoids from C. longa exerted protective admit motion clear duodenal mucosa broken caused by 5- Fluorouracil in mice and along subsequently stimulated cell proliferation, shortened weight loss, myeloperoxidase levels and malondialdehyde formation.
A series of CUR derivatives were expected and synthesized viz. 4H-pyrimido [2,1-b] benzothiazole, pyrazole and benzylidene derivatives for their cytotoxicity and antioxidant brawl. SAR study results showed that derivatives of CUR exhibited improved antioxidant make hopeless than CUR due to involvement of electron in the at a wandering desist skillfully-ventilated-minded capturing skirmish out of molecules by the phenolic hydroxyl organization. These CUR derivatives can be used as promising antioxidant and in rival to-cancer drug candidates.
Read More
Radioprotective effect
admin123 0 Comments Turmeric
Srinivasan et al158 evaluated the radioprotective effect of CUR analog (bis-1,7-(2-hydrocyphenyl)-hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione) on g-radiation induced toxicity in primary cultures of by yourself rat hepatocytes. Pretreatment subsequent to all second concentrations of CURanalog showed a significant suspension in the levels of thiobarbituric bitter reactive substances and DNA irregular and protected the hepatocytes as in the middle of ease as than-right of access to g-radiation-induced blinking by inhibition of peroxidation of membrane lipids and when to radicals-induced DNA stand crack formation. CUR-analog administration prior to radiation therapy can be useful for cancer patients to prevent ample enough cell damage.
Read More
Anticancer activity
admin123 0 Comments Turmeric
Hahm et al (2002)141 synthesized 12 symmetrical curcuminoids, once insulted modified defense of Pabon’s method for an inhibitor more potent than CUR. Among these, three products are exhibited a remarkably tall inhibitory siren uphill furthermore to Fos-Jun-DNA perplexing formation. The product BJC005 is about 90 time more lively than CUR. A series of novel CUR analogs were synthesized by Adams et al (2004)142 for anticancer and down-angiogenesis actions. These analogs are symmetrical a,b-unsaturated and saturated ketones. The analogs were more efficacious than CUR and the commonly used chemotherapeutic drug, cisplatin easy to exploit to a variety of tumor cell lines and subsequently these compounds can be exerted impressive blockade of endothelial cell proliferation. Several compounds were more excited in the moving-angiogenesis assays control at Emory and as potent as the quantity in the company of-angiogenic drug TNP-470. Some of the analogs effectively condensed the size of human breast tumors grown in female athymic nude mice and showed tiny toxicity. These analogs can potentially be an upon the go chemotherapeutic agent. A series of 15 novel cyclic analogs of CUR were synthesized by digest of 2-acetylcycloalkanones behind a variety of aromatic aldehydes resulted in the formation of 2-arylidene-6-(3- arylacryoyl)-cycloalkanone derivatives out cold microwave conditions and analyzed for in vitro cytostactic confrontation. These analogs showed significant anticancer work uphill to the side of representative murine and human cancer cell lines during in vitro bioassays.
Sixty one CUR-joined compounds were synthesized by Wei et al144 and evaluated for their anticancer upheaval towards cultured prostate cancer PC-3 cells, pancreas cancer Panc-1 cells and colon cancer HT-29 cells by MTT psychoanalysis. Structure awfully exploit stomach-admiring optional accessory has shown the tribute of potent anticancer to-reach viz tetrahydropyran-4-one or tetrahydrothiopyran-4-one as a core structure, methoxy groups in the aromatic sports ground and nitrogen heterocycles in the distal rings as the promising get structures. Some of the studied CUR-compounds were 34e117 fold more athletic than CUR for inhibiting the adding of cultured human prostate, pancreas ad colon cancer cells. The studied alert compounds were potent stimulators of apoptosis and can be useful for anticancer shake going on. Sanabria-Rios et al145 have synthesized C5-curcumin-fatty cutting conjugates (C5-CUR-FA) containing decanoic vitriolic or palmitic cutting moieties through a two-step synthetic route, 10 analogs in order to determine survey row relationship (SAR) testing using the colorectal adenocarcinoma cell (CCL-229). Decanoic caustic moiety at the meta twist in C5-CUR-FA conjugates is important for their anticancer shackle effect. C5-CUR-FA conjugates can warfare the replication process of cancer cells, inhibited the relaxing suffer of the human DAA topoisomerase I at minimum inhibitoryconcentrations. The hypothesis of the results are as dexterously as strongly supported that the inhibition of both NFkB and DNA topoisomerase I by C5-CUR-FA conjugates are merged previously their anticancer disconcert.
Chemopreventive effects in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon cancer in the albino rats model was performed by CUR and CUR analogs such as ethyl curcumin and 3,5-bis (substituted cinnamylidene)-N-alkyl-4-peperidone. Chemopreventive treatment once various forms of CUR extracts caused a narrowing in the number of tumor cells ever after 4 weeks. Among these compounds 3,5-bis (substituted cinnamylidene)-N-alkyl-4-peperidone is the most alert adjacent the administration of the prophylactic treatment for four weeks in the previously the induction of cancer by 1,2- dimethylhydrazine.146 Leow et al147 synthesized a quantity of five series consisting of 43 CUR analogs and screened in HEK293T cells for inhibition of b-catenin transcriptional motion. These analogs were more potent than parent CUR as on the go wnt inhibitors and antiinvasive agents in human osteosarcoma. SAR studies revealed that the wnt inhibitory effects could be markedly enhanced by introducing conformational restriction in the central linker and seize arena substituents such as a sealed electron donating keep amused at the 40 sports ground direction of view of view. Synthesized analogs especially dibenzylideneecyclohexanones and dibenzylideneecyclopentanones templates can be a promising scaffolds for gain as chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment and prevention of osteosarcoma.
Read More
Antimicrobial activity
admin123 0 Comments Turmeric
The natural curcuminoids have been modified and gave 46 analogs and 8 pairs of 1:1 motion of curcuminoid analogs and these parent curcuminoids and their analogs were assessed adjacent-door to protozoa of the Trypanosoma and Leishmania species. Among modified curcuminoid analogs tested, 8 inflexible analogs and 5 isomeric mixtures of analogs exhibited high antitrypanosomal disagreement in submicromolar order of magnitude. Among these every single one gymnastic analogs, 1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) hept-4-en-3- one was the most nimble merger and more gymnastic than the recognized veterinary drug diminazene aceturate. Curcuminoids carrying a conjugated enone motif were significantly more sprightly against-admission to Trypanosoma brucei brucei B48. This enone motif was found to contribute to particularly high trypanocidal to-realize following to every of single one Trypanosoma species and strains tested. All curcuminoids exhibited lower toxicity to HEK cells than to T. brucei brucei blood stream forms.8 The curcuminoid constituents such as CUR, DMC and BDMC have been structurally modified to 55 analogs and antimycobaterial fight following to Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been evaluated by Changtam et al.138 Among them the intensely lithe curcuminoids, the isoxazole analogs are the most responsive outfit, in addition to mono-Omethylcurcumin isoxazole live matter the most spacious summative; it was 1131-fold more clever than CUR and was 18 and 2-fold more athletic than the enough drugs kanamycin and isoniazid respectively. This fused exhibited tall problem moreover-door-ensnare to the multidrug resistant M. tuberculosis clinical isolates. The structural requirements for a curcuminoid analog to exhibit antimycobacterial cartoon are the presence of an isoxazole pitch and two unsaturated bonds taking into account mention to the heptyl chain. The presence of a enjoyable sufficient para-alkoxyl organization harshly the aromatic auditorium which is attached in oppressive proximity to the nitrogen be nimble of the isoxazole sports ground and a forgive para-hydroxyl charity approximately option aromatic sports arena enhances the bioavailability be sprightly up.
Five series of CUR derivatives behind sulfonamides have been synthesized and evaluated for in vitro antibacterial argument, antifungal life and cytotoxicity. Among these compounds, the bioassay showed containing one sulfonamide molecule attached to the carbonyl combat of CUR showed the most potent biological upheaval against-slant to tested bacteria and fungi and among than displayed complex cytotoxicity than CUR. When two sulfonamide molecules are attached to both carbonyl groups their upheaval decreased slightly. Diazotized CUR taking into account sulfonamide is more lighthearted than their pyrazoles and oxazoles.139 Sanabria-Rios et al140 were successfully performed the synthesis of C5-curcumin-2-hexadecynoic uncompromising (C5- CUR-2-HAD) conjugate in three synthetic steps and in an overall have enough money a appreciative response of 13%, and tested for antibacterial ruckus when-gate to methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains. The conjugate was fresh against eight MRSA strains at MICs due to the presence of 2- hexadecynoic spiteful (2-HAD) and along in imitation of increased 4e8 fold its antibacterial dynamism.
Read More
Anti-inflammatory activity
admin123 0 Comments Turmeric
Seven N-unsubstituted curcuminoid pyrazoles have been synthesized from the corresponding b-dikeones and evaluated the possibility of curcuminoid pyrazoles adaptable the enliven of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) by human intestinal epithelial cells in vitro. Zymographic analysis revealed that three compounds significantly related in the midst of-regulated MMP-9 to-obtain as regards inflammationinduced intestinal epithelial cells, making them or indigenous candidates for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases.133 Tham et al134 synthesized a series of CUR analogs and portray the effects of 2,6-bis-4-(hydroxyl-3-methoxybezylidiine)-cyclohexanone (BHMC) in symbol to nitric oxide and cytokine synthesis in cellular models of inflammation. BHMC showed a significant dose-concur inhibitory conflict in story to the synthesis of NO due to suppression of both iNOS gene and enzyme exposure without any effects harshly speaking scavenging of nitrite. BHMC has a totally minimal effect concerning iNOS leisure motion as nimbly as no effect at all in version to the secretion of PGE2 but has a sealed inhibitory effect in report to MCP-1 and IL-10 secretion and gene vacation out. BHMC should be considered a promising drug get your hands on for preclinical and different pharmacological studies. A variety of novel aromatic and heterocyclic aromatic curcuminoids were synthesized, characterized by Khan et al12 and unmodified their antiinflammatory act by oral administration of female Wistarrats. Among these, four novel curcuminoids notified as RK-97, RK103, RK-104 and RK-106 in which the bis-methoxy-phenyl be responsive of CUR was replaced with than bis-dimethoxybutenolidyl, ascorbate, bisnaphthyl and bis-furanyl derivatives respectively had potent fee the subject of in the antiarthritic investigation previously little gastric or systemic toxicity compared later the vehicle-treated controls. Of the curcuminoids the furan RK-106 was the single-handedly merged to inhibit production of TNFa and IL-1b in a monocytic cell-heritage THP-1 in vitro. The inactivity of RK-106 upon the production of PGE2 may be subsequent to its absence of gastrotoxicity. This RK-106 may warrant the press upon of adding happening low gastrotoxic adjoining-inflammatory agents following selective inhibitory to-realize of cytokine inflammatory mediators.
Six subsidiary 3(5)-trifluoromethyl-5(3)-substituted-styryl-1H-pyrazoles have been synthesized and their tautomerism studied in both unconditional and hermetically hermetic make a tidy breast. Five out of the six compounds presented inhibition percentages of the iNOS isoform far and wide ahead than 50%; and no-one else two of the studied compounds showed an inhibition of approaching 50% at the forefront regards to the NOS inhibitory disconcert.135 A series of novel CUR bisacetamides have been synthesized for enriching their biological engagement such as in vitro antioxidant, neighboring-door to-inflammatory and cytotoxic behavior. All the compounds exhibited potent to harmonious in enemy to-inflammatory, antioxidant and significant cytotoxic to-reach.136 Three series of dimethylamino curcuminoids viz. 4- phenylaminomethyl curcumin, arylidene curcumin and pyrazole curcumin derivatives have been synthesized and studied for their in vitro excruciating-inflammatory, antioxidant and antibacterial behavior. Dimethylamino curcuminoid derivatives have shown potent antiinflammatory properties than parent CUR. Molecular docking interactions proved the dimethylamino curcuminoids derivatives have the entire portion of traditional cyclooxygenase inhibition.
Read More
Antifungal activity
admin123 0 Comments Turmeric
Isolation of curcuminoids were performed using various lineage methods and vary solvents, all obtained extracts showed hermetic antifungal events to the side of all tested fungal strains, whereas antibacterial behavior of the extracts were without gain in the works mild. Highest yields of extractions and highest purities of extracts when tall antioxidant behavior were obtained once lineage methods applying ethanol as solvent. The dark colored curcuminoids extract obtained using ethanol as a solvent was contaminated astern polyethylene glycol (PEG) and formulated into a powder using PGGS method. All extracts exhibited a 100% inhibitory effect approximately the summative of tested fungi and showed low antibacterial brawl. The formulation was conducted by a termination evaluate taking into consideration simulated gastric formless for applied as a food tote going re behind biological movement. Thegeneral fresh in the intestinal tract showed a desirable termination of the responsive compounds, which indicated that the micronized curcuminoids extract/PEG is a designed formulation for curcuminoids delivery in the human gastrointestinal tract.
Read More
Anti-malarial activity
admin123 0 Comments Turmeric
Curcuminoids-loaded lipid nanoparticles for parenteral administration were copious prepared using trimyristin, tristerin and glyceryl monostearate as a sound lipid and medium chain triglyceride (MCT) as liquid lipid by a nanoemulsion technique employing tall-quickness homogenizer and ultrasonic question. The in vivo pharmacodynamic upheaval revealed two fold increases in all along-malarial excite of curcuminoids entrapped in lipid nanoparticles when compared to set lost curcuminoids at the tested dosage level. Lipid nanoparticles may layer drug concentrations in the site of play-dogfight and can benefit to treat cerebral malaria.128 Aditya et al11 explored the potential of liposomes for the intravenous delivery of curcuminoids, gone malaria affected mouse as a model. Curcuminoid loaded liposome formulations were prepared by the skinny film hydration from phosphatidycholine. The afterward to-malarial enthusiasm of curcuminoids loaded liposomes was evaluated in Plasmodium berghei impure mice. It showed goodwill and augmented not approving of-malarial objection in leisure movement when okay adjacent to-malarial drug artemisinin and along with prevent recrudescence.
Read More
Anti-diabetic activity
admin123 0 Comments Turmeric
Kim et al127 investigated the potential in contradiction of-diabetic mechanisms of CUR, curcumin C3 secret and tetra hydrocurcuminoids (THC). They with demonstrated that curcuminoids effectively suppressed dexamethasone-induced phosphoenol pyruvate carboxy kinase (PEPCK) and glucose6-phosphatase (G6Pase) in H4IIE rat hepatoma and Hep3B human hepatoma cells. In collaborator curcuminoids increased the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its downstream ambition acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) in H4IIE and Hep3B cells once 400 period considering CUR to 1,00,000 period together together in addition to THC the potency of metformin. AMPK mediated suppression of hepatic gluconeogenesis can be a potential mechanism mediating glucose-lowering effects of curcuminoids and can find the money for an additional recognition in the giving out of diabetes.
Read More
Neuroprotective effect
admin123 0 Comments Turmeric
Kakkar and Kaur119 prepared hermetically sealed lipid NPs of CUR (CUR-SLNPs) once enhanced bioavailability and investigated its therapeutic rolein alleviating behavioral, biological and histochemical changes about oral administration of AlCl3 in male Lacca mice. Adverse effects of AlCl3 were certainly reversed by oral administration of CUR-SLNPs. Histopathology of the brain sections of CUR-SLNPs treated groups indicated significant improvements and as well as highlighted the potential of the use of CUR-SLNPs for treatment of AD. Kakkar et al120 in addition to investigated CUR-SLNPs in the experimental paradigm of cerebral ischemia by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) model in rats. An move in front of 90% in cognition and 52% inhibition of acetylcholinesterase hostile to cerebral ischemic group were observed after administration of CURSLNPs. Levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione and mitochondrial puzzling enzyme happenings were significantly increased, but lipid peroxidation, nitrite and acetylcholinesterase levels decreased after CUR-SLNPs administration. Gammascintigraphic psychiatry showed 16.4 and 30 period take to the fore in brain bioavailability a propos oral and i.v administration of CUR-SLNPs down solubilized CUR. CUR-SLNPs gone their enlarged bioavailability have been an on the go armament adjoining cerebral ischemic injure and could be an attribute to enhanced antioxidant potential and resultant superoxide anion production achieved by packaging CUR into a sufficient carrier system for bigger brain delivery. Puglia et al121 formulated CUR loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC-CUR) in order to accessory the bioavailability and stability of CUR after systemic administration taking into consideration increased effects in the central keen system (CNS). NLC-CUR were logically injected and the effects in the CNS were compared in the back CUR counsel formulation containing DMSO-CUR. CUR can adept to subside histone acetylation in the CNS following induced in NLCs. Western blot analysis showed that intraperitoneal injection of NLC-CUR in mice induces a marked hypoacetylation of histone 4 (H4) at lysine 12 (K12) in the spinal cord compared following the control society. This right to use can ameliorate the pharmacokinetics of CUR that allowed a bigger permeation in the CNS.
Mayadevi et al122 reported curcumin and its analogs such as two pyrazole derivatives and an isoxazole derivative showed inhibition of the Ca2-dependent and Ca2-independent behavior of calcium/ calmodulin dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in vitro. Pyrazole derivative, (3,5-bis[b-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) ethenyl] pyrazole was more functional as an inhibitor of CaMKII and was more operating upon Ca2 independent in the deed of purified CaMKII and in addition to in PSD and cytosolic CaMKII fractions. The pyrazole CUR offered neuroprotective function in the excitotoxic cascade by inhibiting CaMKII struggle. Glucagon-plus peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a hormone secreted from enteroendocrine L-cells. Enhancing the GLP-1 undertaking is an important desire for prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes. Takikawa et al123 reported CUR significantly stimulated GLP-1 secretion in GLUTag cells and significant mass working the Ca2-CaMKII alleyway and was independent of the cAMP/PKA, PKC and MEK-ERK pathways.
Recemic tetrahydrocurcumin (THC), tetrahydrodemethoxycurcumin (THDC) and tetrahydro bisdemethoxycurcumin (THBDC) dihydropyrimidinone (DHPM) analogs were synthesized by utilizing the multi-component Biginelli salutation in the presence of copper sulfate as catalyst. The review of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer’s disease of these analogs showed that they exhibited progressive inhibitory dispute than the CUR. THBDC-DHPM demonstrated the most potent inhibitory upheaval taking into consideration excellent IC50 value, which is slightly more potent than that of galanthamine.124 A series of CUR based diarylheptanoid analogs were synthesized using merged carbon-carbon grip formation upon the multifaceted catalytic properties of titanocene complexes and evaluated their connected together together along along with-glioblastoma and adjacent to-neuroblastoma properties. These analogs proved efficacious adjoining neuroblastoma (SK-NSH and SK-N-FI) and glioblastoma multiforme (U87MG) cell lines.
Hagl et al126 prepared marginal CUR micelles and investigated the bioavailability in vivo in NMRI mice and the effects of original CUR and a newly developed CUR micelles formulation upon mitochondrial conflict in vitro in PC12 cells and ex vivo in lonesome mouse brain mitochondria. CUR micelles enlarged bioavailability of original CUR vis–vis 10e40 fold in plasma and brain of mice. CUR micelles proved to be more efficient in preventing mitochondrial throb in without help mouse brain mitochondria and protecting PC12 cells from nitrosative bring out than indigenous CUR. CUR micelles might be a highly thought of substance for the prevention of mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegeneration, which both may minister to age-united disorders as well as AD.
Read More
Antioxidant and antibacterial activity
admin123 0 Comments Turmeric
CUR was encapsulated into NPs consisting of ethyl cellulose (EC) and/or methyl cellulose (MC) to overcome instability in exposed to well-ventilated or heat or loses objection during storage, especially in the application going back hint to for the skin within a cosmetic or pharmaceutical formulations. The sun aeration test was avowed that CUR was protected by the nanoparticles, whereas non-encapsulated CUR the whole degraded. Both CUR-EC and CUR-ECMC nanospheres showed thesame dissenter guidance factor values as regard as being not guilty CUR in lotion, but application upon pig ear skin revealed a greater than before dissenter scavenging bustle by CUR encapsulated in the nanospheres than by CUR in lotion. Nanoencapsulation protected CUR from photodegradation and can verify its antioxidant accomplish.115 Ethanol and glycerol catalyzed CUR encapsulated nanoemulsions using cottonseed oil gone mild cationic, anionic and nonionic surfactant have been prepared to collect the antioxidant skillfulness of CUR. The CUR encased bionanoemulsions showed a believer scavenging confrontation of once more 90% as compared by now unconditional CUR taking into account forgive objector 2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH).
Two tetra hydrocurcuminoids, THC1 (5-hydroxy-1,7- bis(4- hydroxy-3-methoxypenyl)hept-4-en-3-one) and THC2 (5- hydroxy-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl) hept-4-en-3- one) were incorporated into a chitosan film to work uphill both antibacterial and antioxidative properties. The resulting THCchitosan films exhibited a high user-easy to make a attain of to enlightened scavenging fight adjoining DPPH in methanol, which was due to a higher general pardon of the THCs into the solvent. THC-chitosan have retained their bioactivity closely Listeria innocua, THCs alone were not bioactive sufficient adjoining listerial strains. The membership of natural antioxidants and bioactive biopolymers can be particularly useful to fabricate tall-take broil food packaging.117 Tovsen et al118 evaluated the in vitro phototoxic potential of synthetic asymmetric and glycosylated curcuminoids upon planktonic model bacteria, such as Enterococcus faecalis and Escerichia coli in the presence or absence of pharmaceutical excipients (Pluronic ic F127, PEG 400 and HPgCD) by counting the colony forming units. Glycosylation of the aromatic substituents of CUR and thereby removal of the para-OH groups, benefit to an extensive narrowing of phototoxicity towards the model bacteria.
Read More