Besides small molecules, turmeric has been shown to contain a novel water-soluble antioxidant peptide named turmerin [38]. Turmerin, a heat-stable noncyclic peptide containing 40 amino sour residues when a molecular accretion of 5 kDa, was found to be an efficient antioxidant/DNAprotectant/antimutagen [39]. Turmerines constitutes 0.1% of the sober weight of turmeric and is obtained in a crystalline form. It is insensitive to trypsin, pepsin, heat, and UV radiation. Turmerin contains three residues of methionine that are partly answerable for its antioxidant upheaval. Turmerin at a 183 nM captivation offered 80% protection to membranes and DNA against oxidative outrage [38]. Turmerin furthermore inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced arachidonate liberty and the mutagenic ruckus of t-butyl hydroperoxide. When examined in tab to human lymphocytes, turmerin was found to be noncytotoxic in the works to milligram concentrations [38]. The associated group more recently reported that turmerin had a relative molecular adjoin of 14 kDa [40]. The difference in molecular expand of turmerin in the company of the two studies is unclear. However, the authors of this explore pay for that 5 kDa and 14 kDa turmerines in two substitute publications should be referred as turmerin I and turmerin II, respectively. The charity showed that turmerin inhibits enzymatic upheaval and neutralizes pharmacological properties such as cytotoxicity, edema, and myotoxicity of multitoxic phospholipase A2. Turmerin has moreover been associated taking into account adjacent to-HIV objection [41].

Another heat-stable protein following antioxidant properties, turmeric antioxidant protein (TAP), was identified in the aqueous extracts of turmeric [21]. This protein has a molecular weight of 24 kDa, and its antioxidant upheaval is abolished by trypsin. The thiol groups of the protein were found to contribute to its antioxidant bustle. In a subsequent observations, the action reported the purification and characterization of a 34 kDa antioxidant glycoprotein (-turmerin) from turmeric waste grits [42]. Whether any structural relationship between – and -turmerin exists is unstructured. -turmerin, however, was found to inhibit lipid peroxidation once a potency 3200 era behind again that of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) or -tocopherol. -turmerin plus effectively scavenges hydroxyl radicals compared as soon as BHA and – tocopherol. -turmerin tally inhibits the activation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes mediated by N-formyl methionyl leucinyl phenylalanine more efficiently than BHA or mannitol does. -turmerin prevented tertiary butylated hydroperoxide-induced cell death and was nontoxic to lymphocytes. Neither pepsin nor trypsin treatment had any effect upon the antioxidant energy of this protein, but brawl was destroyed by nonspecific protease.

More recently, turmerin has been shown to exhibit antihyperglycemic objection [43]. It inhibited -amylase and – glucosidase deeds taking into account IC50 values of 31 and 192 g/mL, respectively. The authors suggested that the antidiabeticenthusiasm of turmeric is due to the completion of turmerin to inhibit enzymes joined to type 2 diabetes and its antioxidant facility